Здоров’я людини є біокультурним явищем. Поміж викликів, які постають перед сучасними соціальними науковцями, виділяється потреба в розумінні, вимірюванні та поясненні впливу культури на фізіологічні стани людини. Тим часом, як вплив культури на мислення, емоції, поведінку та здоров’я людини як такий не піддають сумніву, причинні зв’язки між ними та їхні механізми досі не є зрозумілими до кінця. Сучасні біокультурні дослідження звертаються до різноманіття тем і застосовують чимало різних інтелектуальних підходів. Хоча цей набір підходів має гарну оптику, щоб досліджувати аспекти, критично важливі для вивчення здоров’я, це відносно новий дослідницький шлях. У площині даних, біокультурні дослідження спираються на міждисциплінарну доказову базу. Із розширенням та пожвавленням міждисциплінарної комунікації між соціальними науками та науками про життя останні кілька десятиліть стали свідками стрімкого зростання інтересу до того, яким чином різні форми соціальної організації впливають на здоров’я людини. Здоров’я формується під впливом дії багатьох чинників. Теорія соціальних детермінант здоров’я є підходом, що дає змогу дійти необхідного розуміння того, як саме людське суспільство може впливати на здоров’я та захворювання і формувати їх у групах людей. Соціально-епідеміологічні дослідження надають подальший ґрунт для розуміння чинників ризику, що асоціюються з цими детермінантами, а також каналів, через які опосередковується вплив соціальних обставин на наслідки у сфері здоров’я. Хоча соціальні детермінанти здоров’я концептуалізуються як такі, що найбільше відгукуються на спроби їх модифікації й, отже, мають бути гарними цілями для покращення здоров’я та якості життя індивідів, багато питань з цього кола все ще потребують розв’язання.

Ключові слова: біокультурні дослідження; соціальні детермінанти здоров’я; соціальні стресори; культура

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Отримано 24.02.2025

Прийнято до друку після рецензування 30.03.2025

Опубліковано 2025