ОСТАННІЙ ДРУКОВАНИЙ НОМЕР

НАЙСВІЖІШІ МАТЕРІАЛИ У ВІДКРИТОМУ ДОСТУПІ

Bridging sociology with anthropology and cognitive science perspectives to assess shared cultural knowledge

stmm. 2020 (1): 108-118

UDC 316.72+141.319.8+165.194

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.01.108

Kateryna Maltseva - Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy (2003), PhD in Anthropology (2010); Associate Professor at the Sociology Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Social Technologies, National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”(Kyiv).

ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-8734

Abstract. Following the cognitive revolution of the 1960s, cultural variation in behavior and knowledge has been a long-standing subject in social sciences. The “cognitive turn” in sociology brought to light many interesting issues and complex questions. The present publication addresses both theoretical and — to some extent — methodological challenges faced by the sociologists engaged in researching shared cultural variation within the culture-and-cognition research agenda, and compares it with the status quo in cousin social sciences that share the same cognitive perspective on culture. I specifically focus on the conceptual junctures that follow from the assumptions of shared cultural knowledge and intersubjectively shared cultural worldviews to highlight the important features of culture which can be effectively used for quantitative assessment of complex cultural processes. While I discuss various aspects of the findings and failings attributable to the culture-and-cognition research direction, my principal concern centers on encouraging more enhanced and sensitized interdisciplinary communication, as well as maximized intersections between cognitively oriented studies of culture in different social sciences, to bring the sociological studies of culture and cognition to full fruition.

Keywords: culture, intersubjectivity, culture consensus model, Antone Kimball Romney, ethnographic methods, research design.

Publication in: eng

References

Bennardo, G., & de Munck, V. (2014). Cultural models: Genesis, methods, and experiences. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Blount, B. (2011). A history of cognitive anthropology. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 11–29). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch1

Boster, J. S., & Johnson. J. C. (1989). Form or function: A comparison of expert and novice judgments of similarity among fish. American Anthropologist, 91(4), 866–889.

Bou Malham, P., & Saucier, G. (2015). Intersubjective norms: Inviting a more interdisciplinary perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(10), 1341–1345. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115610215

Caulkins, D. D. (2004). Identifying culture as a threshold of shared knowledge: A consensus analysis method. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 317–333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595804047813

Cerulo, K. A. (2014). Continuing the story: Maximizing the intersections of cognitive science and sociology. Sociological Forum, 29(4), 1012–1019. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12135

Charles, M. (2008). Culture and inequality: Identity, ideology and difference in “postascriptive society’’. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 619(1), 41–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716208319824

Chiu, C.-y., Gelfand, M. J., Yamagishi, T., Shteynberg, G., & Wan, C. (2010). Intersubjective culture: The role of intersubjective perceptions in cross-cultural research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 482–493. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1745691610375562

Chiu, C.-y., & Hong, Y.-y. (2006). Social psychology of culture. Hove, England: Psychology Press.

Chiu, C.-y., Leung, A. K.-y., & Hong, Y.-y. (2011). Cultural processes: An overview. In A. K.-y. Leung, C.-y. Chiu, & Y.-y. Hong (Eds.), Cultural processes: A social psychological perspective (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204.

https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477

D’Andrade, R. (1995). The development of cognitive anthropology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

D’Andrade, R. (2002). Violence without honor in the American South. In T. Aase (Ed.), Tournaments of power: Honor and revenge in the contemporary world (pp. 3–24). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

D’Andrade, R. (2008). Study of personal and cultural values: American, Japanese and Vietnamese. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

D’Andrade, R., & Strauss, C. (Eds.). (1992). Human motives and cultural models. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166515

DiMaggio, P. (1997). Culture and cognition. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 263–287.

Dressler, W. W. (2005). What’s cultural about biocultural research? Ethos, 33(1), 20–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/eth.2005.33.1.020

Dunbar, R., & Barrett, L. (Eds.). (2007). The Oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568308....

Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (2013). Social cognition: From brains to culture (2nd ed.). London, England: Sage.

Ghaziani, A. (2009). An “amorphous mist”? The problem of measurement in the study of culture. Theory and Society, 38(6), 581–612. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11186-009-9096-2

Gilbert, M. (1996). Living together: Rationality, sociality, and obligation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Goodenough, W. (1971). Culture, language and society. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1982.84.4.02a00450

Handwerker, W. P. (2002). The construct validity of cultures: Cultural diversity, culture theory, and a method for ethnography. American Anthropologist, 104(1), 106–122. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.106

Hunzaker, M. B. F., & Valentino, L. (2019). Mapping cultural schemas: From theory to method. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 950–981. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419875638

Kashima, Y. (2016). Culture and psychology in the 21st century: Conceptions of culture and person for psychology revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(1), 4–20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115599445

Lamont, M. (1992). Money, morals, and manners: The culture of the French and the American upper-middle class. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Lamont, M. (2000). The dignity of working men: Morality and the boundaries of race, class, and immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lamont, M. (2009). How professors think: Inside the curious world of academic judgment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lamont, M., Adler, L., Park, B. Y., & Xiang, X. (2017). Bridging cultural sociology and cognitive psychology in three contemporary research programmes. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 866–872. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0242-y

Lareau, A. (2015). Cultural knowledge and social inequality. American Sociological Review, 80(1), 1–27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414565814

Lizardo, O. (2017). Improving cultural analysis: Considering personal culture in its declarative and nondeclarative modes. American Sociological Review, 82(1), 88–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122416675175

Maltseva, K. (2016). Using correspondence analysis of scales as part of mixed methods design to access cultural models in ethnographic fieldwork: Prosocial cooperation in Sweden. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 10(1), 82–111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689814525262

Maltseva, K. (2018). Internalized cultural models, congruity with cultural standards, and mental health. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(8), 1302–1319. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118789262

Maltseva, K., & D’Andrade, R. (2011). Multi-item scales and cognitive ethnography. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 153–170). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch9

Matsumoto, D., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (Eds.). (2011). Cross-cultural research methods in psychology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Morling, B., & Lamoreaux, M. (2008). Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism — collectivism in cultural products. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(3), 199–221. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868308318260

Oude Groeniger, J., Kamphuis, C. B. M., Mackenbach, J. P, Beenackers, M. A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2019). Are socio-economic inequalities in diet and physical activity a matter of social distinction? A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 64(7), 1037–1047. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01268-3

Patterson, O. (2014). Making sense of culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 1–30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-0431...

Polavieja, J. G. (2015). Capturing culture: A new method to estimate exogenous cultural effects using migrant populations. American Sociological Review, 80(1), 166–191. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414562600

Quinn, N. (1996). Culture and contradiction: The case of Americans reasoning about marriage. Ethos, 24(3), 391–425.

Quinn, N. (Ed.). (2005). Finding culture in talk: A collection of methods. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Quinn, N. (2011). The history of the cultural models school reconsidered: A paradigm shift in cognitive anthropology. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 30–46). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch2

Quinn, N. (2018). An anthropologist’s view of American marriage: Limitations of the tool kit theory of culture. In N. Quinn (Ed.), Advances in culture theory from psychological anthropology (pp. 139–184). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Quinn, N., & Holland, D. (1987). Culture and cognition. In D. Holland, & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language and thought (pp. 3–40). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Rodseth, L. (1998). Distributive models of culture: A Sapirian alternative to essentialism. American Anthropologist, 100(1), 55–69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.1.55

Romney, K. A. (1999). Culture consensus as a statistical model. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S103–S115.

Romney, A. K., Weller, S. C., & Batchelder, W. H. (1986). Culture as consensus: A theory of cultural and informant accuracy. American Anthropologist, 88(2), 313–338.

Ross, N. (2004). Culture and cognition: Implications for theory and method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452229713

Saucier, G., Kenner, J., Iurino, K., Bou Malham, P., Chen, Z., Thalmayer, A. G., … Altschul, C. (2015). Cross-cultural differences in a global “Survey of World Views”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(1), 53–70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022114551791

Schwartz, T. (1978). Where is the culture? Personality as the distributive locus of culture. In G. D. Spindler (Ed.), The making of psychological anthropology (pp. 419–441). Berkeley: University of California Press.

Searle, J. R. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York, NY: The Free Press.

Strauss, C. (2000). The culture concept and the individualism/collectivism debate: Dominant and alternative attributions for class in the United States. In L. Nucci, G. B. Saxe, & E. Turiel (Eds.), Culture, thought, and development (pp. 85–114). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Tomasello, M. (2001). Cultural transmission: A view from chimpanzees and human infants. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(2), 135–146. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032002002

Turner, M. (2001). Cognitive dimensions of social science: The way we think about politics, economics, law, and society. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Vaisey, S. (2009). Motivation and justification: A dual-process model of culture in action. American Journal of Sociology, 114(6), 1675–1715. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597179

Vaisey, S. (2010). What people want: Rethinking poverty, culture, and educational attainment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 629, 75–101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716209357146

Vaisey, S. (2014). The ‘‘attitudinal fallacy’’ is a fallacy: Why we need many methods to study culture. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(2), 227–231. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124114523395

Vaisey, S., & Lizardo, O. (2010). Can cultural worldviews influence network composition? Social Forces, 88(4), 1595–1618. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0009

Wan C., Chiu, C.-y., Tam, K.-P., Lee, S.-l., Lau I. Y.-m., & Peng, S. (2007). Perceived cultural importance and actual self-importance of values in cultural identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 337–354. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.337

Wan, C., Torelli, C. J., & Chiu, C-y. (2010). Intersubjective consensus and the maintenance of normative shared reality. Social Cognition, 28(3), 422–446. https://dx.doi.org/10.1521/soco.2010.28.3.422

Wang, Q. (2016). Why should we all be cultural psychologists? Lessons from the study of social cognition. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(5), 583–596. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616645552

Weller, S. C. (2007). Cultural Consensus Theory: Applications and Frequently Asked Questions. Field Methods, 19(4), 339–368. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822X07303502

Zerubavel, E. (1999). Social mindscapes: An invitation to cognitive sociology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Zou, X., Tam, K.-P., Morris, M. W., Lee, S.-l., Lau, I. Y.-m., & Chiu, C.-y. (2009). Culture as common sense: Perceived consensus versus personal beliefs as mechanisms of cultural influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(4), 579–597. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0016399

Bridging sociology with anthropology and cognitive science perspectives to assess shared cultural knowledge

stmm. 2020 (1): 108-118

UDC 316.72+141.319.8+165.194

DOI https://doi.org/10.15407/sociology2020.01.108

Kateryna Maltseva - Candidate of Sciences in Philosophy (2003), PhD in Anthropology (2010); Associate Professor at the Sociology Department of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Social Technologies, National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”(Kyiv).

ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-8734

Abstract. Following the cognitive revolution of the 1960s, cultural variation in behavior and knowledge has been a long-standing subject in social sciences. The “cognitive turn” in sociology brought to light many interesting issues and complex questions. The present publication addresses both theoretical and — to some extent — methodological challenges faced by the sociologists engaged in researching shared cultural variation within the culture-and-cognition research agenda, and compares it with the status quo in cousin social sciences that share the same cognitive perspective on culture. I specifically focus on the conceptual junctures that follow from the assumptions of shared cultural knowledge and intersubjectively shared cultural worldviews to highlight the important features of culture which can be effectively used for quantitative assessment of complex cultural processes. While I discuss various aspects of the findings and failings attributable to the culture-and-cognition research direction, my principal concern centers on encouraging more enhanced and sensitized interdisciplinary communication, as well as maximized intersections between cognitively oriented studies of culture in different social sciences, to bring the sociological studies of culture and cognition to full fruition.

Keywords: culture, intersubjectivity, culture consensus model, Antone Kimball Romney, ethnographic methods, research design.

Publication in: eng

References

Bennardo, G., & de Munck, V. (2014). Cultural models: Genesis, methods, and experiences. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Blount, B. (2011). A history of cognitive anthropology. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 11–29). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch1

Boster, J. S., & Johnson. J. C. (1989). Form or function: A comparison of expert and novice judgments of similarity among fish. American Anthropologist, 91(4), 866–889.

Bou Malham, P., & Saucier, G. (2015). Intersubjective norms: Inviting a more interdisciplinary perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(10), 1341–1345. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115610215

Caulkins, D. D. (2004). Identifying culture as a threshold of shared knowledge: A consensus analysis method. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 4(3), 317–333. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595804047813

Cerulo, K. A. (2014). Continuing the story: Maximizing the intersections of cognitive science and sociology. Sociological Forum, 29(4), 1012–1019. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12135

Charles, M. (2008). Culture and inequality: Identity, ideology and difference in “postascriptive society’’. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 619(1), 41–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716208319824

Chiu, C.-y., Gelfand, M. J., Yamagishi, T., Shteynberg, G., & Wan, C. (2010). Intersubjective culture: The role of intersubjective perceptions in cross-cultural research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(4), 482–493. https://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/1745691610375562

Chiu, C.-y., & Hong, Y.-y. (2006). Social psychology of culture. Hove, England: Psychology Press.

Chiu, C.-y., Leung, A. K.-y., & Hong, Y.-y. (2011). Cultural processes: An overview. In A. K.-y. Leung, C.-y. Chiu, & Y.-y. Hong (Eds.), Cultural processes: A social psychological perspective (pp. 3–24). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(3), 181–204.

https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X12000477

D’Andrade, R. (1995). The development of cognitive anthropology. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

D’Andrade, R. (2002). Violence without honor in the American South. In T. Aase (Ed.), Tournaments of power: Honor and revenge in the contemporary world (pp. 3–24). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

D’Andrade, R. (2008). Study of personal and cultural values: American, Japanese and Vietnamese. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

D’Andrade, R., & Strauss, C. (Eds.). (1992). Human motives and cultural models. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139166515

DiMaggio, P. (1997). Culture and cognition. Annual Review of Sociology, 23, 263–287.

Dressler, W. W. (2005). What’s cultural about biocultural research? Ethos, 33(1), 20–45. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/eth.2005.33.1.020

Dunbar, R., & Barrett, L. (Eds.). (2007). The Oxford handbook of evolutionary psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568308....

Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S. E. (2013). Social cognition: From brains to culture (2nd ed.). London, England: Sage.

Ghaziani, A. (2009). An “amorphous mist”? The problem of measurement in the study of culture. Theory and Society, 38(6), 581–612. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11186-009-9096-2

Gilbert, M. (1996). Living together: Rationality, sociality, and obligation. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Goodenough, W. (1971). Culture, language and society. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1982.84.4.02a00450

Handwerker, W. P. (2002). The construct validity of cultures: Cultural diversity, culture theory, and a method for ethnography. American Anthropologist, 104(1), 106–122. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2002.104.1.106

Hunzaker, M. B. F., & Valentino, L. (2019). Mapping cultural schemas: From theory to method. American Sociological Review, 84(5), 950–981. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419875638

Kashima, Y. (2016). Culture and psychology in the 21st century: Conceptions of culture and person for psychology revisited. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(1), 4–20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022115599445

Lamont, M. (1992). Money, morals, and manners: The culture of the French and the American upper-middle class. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.

Lamont, M. (2000). The dignity of working men: Morality and the boundaries of race, class, and immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lamont, M. (2009). How professors think: Inside the curious world of academic judgment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Lamont, M., Adler, L., Park, B. Y., & Xiang, X. (2017). Bridging cultural sociology and cognitive psychology in three contemporary research programmes. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(12), 866–872. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0242-y

Lareau, A. (2015). Cultural knowledge and social inequality. American Sociological Review, 80(1), 1–27. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414565814

Lizardo, O. (2017). Improving cultural analysis: Considering personal culture in its declarative and nondeclarative modes. American Sociological Review, 82(1), 88–115. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122416675175

Maltseva, K. (2016). Using correspondence analysis of scales as part of mixed methods design to access cultural models in ethnographic fieldwork: Prosocial cooperation in Sweden. Journal of Mixed Methods Research. 10(1), 82–111. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689814525262

Maltseva, K. (2018). Internalized cultural models, congruity with cultural standards, and mental health. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(8), 1302–1319. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022118789262

Maltseva, K., & D’Andrade, R. (2011). Multi-item scales and cognitive ethnography. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 153–170). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch9

Matsumoto, D., & van de Vijver, F. J. R. (Eds.). (2011). Cross-cultural research methods in psychology. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

Morling, B., & Lamoreaux, M. (2008). Measuring culture outside the head: A meta-analysis of individualism — collectivism in cultural products. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12(3), 199–221. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868308318260

Oude Groeniger, J., Kamphuis, C. B. M., Mackenbach, J. P, Beenackers, M. A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2019). Are socio-economic inequalities in diet and physical activity a matter of social distinction? A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Public Health, 64(7), 1037–1047. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01268-3

Patterson, O. (2014). Making sense of culture. Annual Review of Sociology, 40, 1–30. https://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071913-0431...

Polavieja, J. G. (2015). Capturing culture: A new method to estimate exogenous cultural effects using migrant populations. American Sociological Review, 80(1), 166–191. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122414562600

Quinn, N. (1996). Culture and contradiction: The case of Americans reasoning about marriage. Ethos, 24(3), 391–425.

Quinn, N. (Ed.). (2005). Finding culture in talk: A collection of methods. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.

Quinn, N. (2011). The history of the cultural models school reconsidered: A paradigm shift in cognitive anthropology. In D. B. Kronenfeld, G. Bennardo, V. C. de Munck, & M. D. Fischer (Eds.), A companion to cognitive anthropology (pp. 30–46). Oxford, England: Blackwell. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444394931.ch2

Quinn, N. (2018). An anthropologist’s view of American marriage: Limitations of the tool kit theory of culture. In N. Quinn (Ed.), Advances in culture theory from psychological anthropology (pp. 139–184). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.

Quinn, N., & Holland, D. (1987). Culture and cognition. In D. Holland, & N. Quinn (Eds.), Cultural models in language and thought (pp. 3–40). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Rodseth, L. (1998). Distributive models of culture: A Sapirian alternative to essentialism. American Anthropologist, 100(1), 55–69. https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1998.100.1.55

Romney, K. A. (1999). Culture consensus as a statistical model. Current Anthropology, 40(S1), S103–S115.

Romney, A. K., Weller, S. C., & Batchelder, W. H. (1986). Culture as consensus: A theory of cultural and informant accuracy. American Anthropologist, 88(2), 313–338.

Ross, N. (2004). Culture and cognition: Implications for theory and method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781452229713

Saucier, G., Kenner, J., Iurino, K., Bou Malham, P., Chen, Z., Thalmayer, A. G., … Altschul, C. (2015). Cross-cultural differences in a global “Survey of World Views”. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(1), 53–70. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022114551791

Schwartz, T. (1978). Where is the culture? Personality as the distributive locus of culture. In G. D. Spindler (Ed.), The making of psychological anthropology (pp. 419–441). Berkeley: University of California Press.

Searle, J. R. (1995). The construction of social reality. New York, NY: The Free Press.

Strauss, C. (2000). The culture concept and the individualism/collectivism debate: Dominant and alternative attributions for class in the United States. In L. Nucci, G. B. Saxe, & E. Turiel (Eds.), Culture, thought, and development (pp. 85–114). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Tomasello, M. (2001). Cultural transmission: A view from chimpanzees and human infants. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(2), 135–146. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022101032002002

Turner, M. (2001). Cognitive dimensions of social science: The way we think about politics, economics, law, and society. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Vaisey, S. (2009). Motivation and justification: A dual-process model of culture in action. American Journal of Sociology, 114(6), 1675–1715. https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597179

Vaisey, S. (2010). What people want: Rethinking poverty, culture, and educational attainment. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 629, 75–101. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716209357146

Vaisey, S. (2014). The ‘‘attitudinal fallacy’’ is a fallacy: Why we need many methods to study culture. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(2), 227–231. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124114523395

Vaisey, S., & Lizardo, O. (2010). Can cultural worldviews influence network composition? Social Forces, 88(4), 1595–1618. https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2010.0009

Wan C., Chiu, C.-y., Tam, K.-P., Lee, S.-l., Lau I. Y.-m., & Peng, S. (2007). Perceived cultural importance and actual self-importance of values in cultural identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 337–354. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.2.337

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